n 2009, the ESA microsatellite PROBA2 was launched, carrying a radiometer in its scientific payload designed to monitor solar emissions across four broadband channels in the UV-VUV spectrum. This instrument, named LYRA, was developed under the lead of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and featured pioneering wide-bandgap photodetectors made from diamond, which were particularly well-suited for...
Astronomical spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for probing the physical and chemical
properties of celestial objects. When moving from the infrared and the detection of molecular
vibrations and rotations towards the visible spectral range and the observation of characteristic
gas absorption lines, the increased energy at even shorter wavelengths in the extreme ultraviolet
(EUV)...
State-of-the-art x-ray beamlines are equipped with x-ray mirrors according to their applications such as surface and materials science, chemical dynamics, photo emission spectroscopy, protein crystallography, x-ray microscopy [1]. In the case of free-electron lasers (FEL) and synchrotron radiation sources, total-reflection mirrors are an important optical element to guide and shape the beam....
Interferometric position sensors play a vital role in semiconductor fabrication, nanotechnology, and advanced scientific applications requiring sub-nanometer accuracy in position monitoring and control. The core operating principle of these sensors relies on the quadrature detection scheme, which enables the extraction of the interferometric phase from two phase-shifted sinusoidal signals....
